Macros are collections of commands that automate repetitive tasks in software applications. They are commonly utilized in programs such as Microsoft Word and Excel. Written in languages like Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), macros allow users to perform multiple actions with a single command or click.
Scripting involves creating programs or scripts in high-level languages like Python, JavaScript, or Bash to automate tasks, manipulate data, or control application functions. Scripts are typically interpreted, meaning they execute line by line rather than being compiled all at once. Scripting languages are frequently employed in web development, system administration, and application automation.
How They Work:
Macro Infections
Macro viruses specifically target applications that support macro scripts, such as Microsoft Office. When a macro-enabled document (like an Excel spreadsheet or Word file) is opened, the malicious code embedded in the macros can run without the user’s awareness. These macros can replicate, infect other files, or download additional malware.
Script-based Infections
Malicious scripts can be included in websites (like JavaScript), emails, or documents. When these scripts are executed, they can carry out harmful actions, including stealing data, downloading malware, or exploiting software vulnerabilities. A common type of scripting attack is cross-site scripting (XSS), where harmful code is injected into web pages and executed in users' browsers.
In both scenarios, infections typically require user interaction, such as enabling macros in documents or clicking on links, to trigger the malicious payload.
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